{"id":2435,"date":"2025-11-26T14:55:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T13:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/?p=2435"},"modified":"2026-07-29T19:37:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T17:37:01","slug":"taxes-in-france-vs-us-key-differences-for-expats-and-international-entrepreneurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/taxes-in-france-vs-us-key-differences-for-expats-and-international-entrepreneurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Taxes in France vs US: Key Differences for Expats and International Entrepreneurs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2435\" class=\"elementor elementor-2435\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ac9f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"71ac9f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e9d270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e9d270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Americans relocating to France or French entrepreneurs expanding to the United States, understanding tax differences between these two economic powerhouses is fundamental to financial planning. While both countries maintain sophisticated tax systems, their underlying philosophies diverge significantly\u2014France emphasizes <\/span><b>social redistribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through comprehensive welfare programs, while the US prioritizes lower direct taxation with more limited public services.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The comparison extends beyond simple income tax rates. Social security contributions, property taxes, consumption taxes, and wealth taxation all contribute to the overall <\/span><b>tax burden<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> citizens face. Additionally, the fundamental approach differs: France taxes based on residency, whereas the United States uniquely taxes its citizens on worldwide income regardless of where they live.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Key differences at a glance:<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>France:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Residency-based taxation with higher social contributions (up to 48% combined)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>United States:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Citizenship-based taxation with federal rates up to 37% plus state taxes<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Average tax wedge:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> France 47.6% vs US 29.7% for single workers<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Corporate tax:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> France 25% vs US 21% federal rate<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>VAT\/Sales tax:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> France 20% standard VAT vs US 0-10% sales tax<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccf1cbf elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ccf1cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ccf1cbf\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ccf1cbf\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ccf1cbf\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01afab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01afab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>Understanding How Tax Systems Work in France and the US<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>The Fundamentals of the US Tax System<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The American tax structure operates on <\/span><b>multiple levels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> simultaneously. Federal income taxes apply to all citizens and residents, with rates ranging from 10% to 37% across seven progressive brackets. Beyond federal obligations, most states impose additional income taxes\u2014California reaches 13.3% while nine states collect none. Local governments may add further levies, creating a combined burden that varies dramatically by location.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United States uniquely taxes citizens on <\/span><b>worldwide income<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regardless of residence. An American software engineer living in Paris must still file annual returns with the IRS, though foreign earned income exclusions and tax treaties provide relief mechanisms. This citizenship-based approach contrasts sharply with the residence-based systems used by virtually all other developed countries.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>The Fundamentals of the French Tax System<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France&#8217;s fiscal architecture centers on <\/span><b>progressive taxation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> combined with substantial social contributions. The personal income tax (imp\u00f4t sur le revenu) ranges from 0% to 45% across five brackets, applied to household income divided by family quotient. Since 2019, employers collect taxes through monthly withholding (pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement \u00e0 la source), eliminating the previous year-long delay between earning and paying.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social security contributions represent the <\/span><b>largest component<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of taxation for most French workers. Employees contribute approximately 22% of gross salary while employers add another 45%, funding comprehensive healthcare, unemployment insurance, and retirement pensions. The Contribution Sociale G\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e (CSG) and Contribution au Remboursement de la Dette Sociale (CRDS) add 9.7% on most income types.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Key Philosophical Differences: Citizenship vs Residency<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The foundational tax principle separates these systems most dramatically. France determines tax obligations through <\/span><b>physical presence and economic ties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014spending more than 183 days annually in the country or maintaining your primary residence and family there triggers French tax residency. Professional activities centered in France also establish residency regardless of time spent.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">America&#8217;s citizenship-based taxation means a US passport holder working in Lyon must file both French and American returns. The <\/span><b>Foreign Tax Credit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and tax treaties mitigate double taxation, but compliance complexity remains substantial. Conversely, a French citizen moves to New York and simply exits the French system once residency changes, with obligations limited to French-source income. Navigating these cross-border obligations often requires<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/services\/international-tax-cpa\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">international tax experts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> familiar with both systems and treaty provisions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9069013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9069013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"fr\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>Tableau Comparatif Fiscalit\u00e9 US vs France<\/title>\n    <style>\n        table {\n            width: 100%;\n            border-collapse: collapse;\n            margin: 20px 0;\n            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n            box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n        }\n        th {\n            background-color: #f8f9fa;\n            text-align: left;\n            padding: 12px;\n Klin            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n        }\n        td {\n            padding: 12px;\n            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n            vertical-align: top;\n            background-color: #fff;\n        }\n        \/* Responsive pour mobile *\/\n        @media (max-width: 768px) {\n            table {\n                font-size: 14px;\n            }\n            th, td {\n                padding: 8px;\n                width: auto !important;\n            }\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"width: 28%;\">System Aspect<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 36%;\">United States<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 36%;\">France<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Basis<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Citizenship<\/td>\n            <td>Residency<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>US citizen\/green card holder<\/td>\n            <td>183+ days or primary home in France<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Geographic scope<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Worldwide income always taxed<\/td>\n            <td>Worldwide income only for residents<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Exit rules<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Exit tax for high-net-worth individuals<\/td>\n            <td>No exit tax, just change of residency<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c87c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c87c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>Comparing Income Tax Rates: France vs US<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>Tax Brackets and Marginal Rates (2025 Update)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct comparison proves challenging because French taxes apply to <\/span><b>household income<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while US taxes individual earnings. For a single filer, American federal brackets start at 10% on income up to $11,600, reaching 37% above $609,350. France&#8217;s entry threshold sits higher\u2014income below \u20ac11,294 pays zero, but rates jump to 45% above \u20ac177,106.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5feea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a5feea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"fr\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>Tableau Comparatif Imp\u00f4ts US vs France<\/title>\n    <style>\n        table {\n            width: 100%;\n            border-collapse: collapse;\n            margin: 20px 0;\n            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n            box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n        }\n        th {\n            background-color: #f8f9fa;\n            text-align: left;\n            padding: 12px;\n            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n        }\n        td {\n            padding: 12px;\n            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n            vertical-align: top;\n            background-color: #fff;\n        }\n        \/* Responsive pour mobile *\/\n        @media (max-width: 768px) {\n            table {\n                font-size: 14px;\n            }\n            th, td {\n                padding: 8px;\n                width: auto !important;\n            }\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"width: 22%;\">Annual Income<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 18%;\">US Federal Tax<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 18%;\">French Income Tax<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 18%;\">Effective Rate US<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 24%;\">Effective Rate France<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>$50,000 \/ \u20ac45,000<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>~$6,000<\/td>\n            <td>~\u20ac3,000<\/td>\n            <td>12%<\/td>\n            <td>6.7%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>$100,000 \/ \u20ac90,000<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>~$17,500<\/td>\n            <td>~\u20ac15,000<\/td>\n            <td>17.5%<\/td>\n            <td>16.7%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>$200,000 \/ \u20ac180,000<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>~$45,000<\/td>\n            <td>~\u20ac53,000<\/td>\n            <td>22.5%<\/td>\n            <td>29.4%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa2799a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa2799a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These figures exclude state taxes for the US and social contributions for both countries, which substantially increase the total burden.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Is Earning $100K in France Equivalent to $100K in the US?<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A $100,000 gross salary yields <\/span><b>dramatically different<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> net income depending on location. In the United States, after federal taxes (approximately $17,500) and FICA contributions ($7,650), an employee receives roughly $75,000 annually. State taxes in California reduce this to about $66,000.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In France, the same \u20ac90,000 gross salary faces <\/span><b>higher deductions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Income tax takes approximately \u20ac15,000, while employee social contributions consume another \u20ac20,000, leaving roughly \u20ac55,000 net. However, this comparison misses essential context\u2014French employees receive comprehensive healthcare at no additional cost, five weeks minimum vacation, unlimited sick leave, and subsidized childcare.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The trade-off becomes clearer when considering <\/span><b>total compensation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An American earning $100,000 might spend $15,000 annually on health insurance premiums and deductibles, plus college savings for children. The French worker&#8217;s lower net income comes with these benefits included through social contributions already deducted.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af0dc92 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"af0dc92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Navigating double taxation between France and the US? Our cross-border tax experts simplify compliance in both countries.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b575f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b575f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Top Personal Income Tax Rates in Europe and the US<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France&#8217;s 45% top rate positions it among <\/span><b>Europe&#8217;s highest taxers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, though not the absolute peak. Denmark applies 55.9% on income above approximately $84,000, while Belgium reaches 50%. Finland, Austria, and Sweden all exceed France&#8217;s maximum rate. The United Kingdom maintains 45% above \u00a3125,140, similar to France.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within the <\/span><b>European Union<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, substantial variation exists. Bulgaria&#8217;s flat 10% income tax and Romania&#8217;s 10% rate attract entrepreneurs and digital nomads seeking lower taxation. Estonia applies 20% to distributed corporate profits but doesn&#8217;t tax retained earnings, creating opportunities for business owners to defer taxation indefinitely.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United States federal maximum of 37% appears moderate compared to European social democracies, but adding California&#8217;s 13.3% state tax creates a combined 50.3% rate exceeding most European countries. New York City residents face federal plus state plus city taxes totaling approximately 49% at the highest brackets.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Beyond Income: Comparing Other Taxes That Matter<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>Social Security and Payroll Taxes<\/b><\/h3><p><b>American payroll taxes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> total 15.3% split between employer and employee\u201412.4% for Social Security (capped at $168,600 income in 2025) plus 2.9% Medicare with no ceiling. High earners pay an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax above $200,000. Self-employed individuals pay the entire 15.3% themselves.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French social contributions dwarf American equivalents. <\/span><b>Total charges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reach approximately 67% of gross salary\u201445% paid by employers and 22% by employees. These contributions fund healthcare, unemployment insurance, family benefits, workplace injury coverage, and both basic and supplementary retirement pensions. The CSG\/CRDS adds another 9.7% on most income types including investment returns.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1766d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c1766d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"fr\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>Tableau Comparatif Cotisations Sociales US vs France<\/title>\n    <style>\n        table {\n            width: 100%;\n            border-collapse: collapse;\n            margin: 20px 0;\n            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n            box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n        }\n        th {\n            background-color: #f8f9fa;\n            text-align: left;\n            padding: 12px;\n            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n        }\n        td {\n            padding: 12px;\n            border: 1px solid #ddd;\n            vertical-align: top;\n            background-color: #fff;\n        }\n        \/* Responsive pour mobile *\/\n        @media (max-width: 768px) {\n            table {\n                font-size: 14px;\n            }\n            th, td {\n                padding: 8px;\n                width: auto !important;\n            }\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"width: 30%;\">Contribution Type<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 35%;\">US Rate<\/th>\n            <th style=\"width: 35%;\">French Rate<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Employee portion<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>7.65%<\/td>\n            <td>~22%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Employer portion<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>7.65%<\/td>\n            <td>~45%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Total payroll tax<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>15.3%<\/td>\n            <td>~67%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td><strong>Benefits covered<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Basic retirement + Medicare<\/td>\n            <td>Healthcare + retirement + unemployment + family benefits<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78e3130 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78e3130\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Property and Wealth Taxes<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American <\/span><b>property taxes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fund local services including schools, averaging 1.1% of home value nationally but reaching 2.4% in New Jersey. A $500,000 home generates $5,500 annually in the average location. France eliminated its broad wealth tax (ISF) in 2018, replacing it with the <\/span><b>Imp\u00f4t sur la Fortune Immobili\u00e8re<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (IFI) targeting only real estate wealth. Taxpayers with worldwide real estate holdings exceeding \u20ac1.3 million pay progressive rates from 0.5% to 1.5%.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French property taxes (taxe fonci\u00e8re) generally cost less than American equivalents, typically 0.2-0.5% of property value. A \u20ac500,000 apartment might generate \u20ac2,000 annually versus $5,500 in the US for comparable value.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Consumption Taxes: VAT vs Sales Tax<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France applies a standard <\/span><b>20% VAT<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on most goods and services, with reduced rates of 10% for restaurants and 5.5% for essential items. This tax includes in displayed prices\u2014a \u20ac100 item costs exactly \u20ac100 at checkout. American <\/span><b>sales taxes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vary dramatically, ranging from 0% in five states to combined rates exceeding 10% in parts of Louisiana. Unlike VAT, sales tax adds to the listed price at checkout.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The revenue impact differs substantially. France collected <\/span><b>16% of GDP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through VAT in recent years, while US sales taxes generated only 2% of GDP. This reflects both lower rates and narrower coverage\u2014many states exempt groceries and services.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Inheritance and Gift Taxes<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French <\/span><b>inheritance tax<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> applies progressive rates up to 45% for direct descendants, with a \u20ac100,000 exemption per child. Siblings receive only \u20ac15,932 tax-free before rates reach 35-45%. American <\/span><b>federal estate tax<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> only affects estates exceeding $13.61 million per individual in 2025, with a 40% rate above this threshold.<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Key exemption thresholds:<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>France:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u20ac100,000 per child, then 5-45% progressive rates<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>US Federal:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> $13.61 million per person, then 40% flat rate<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>State level:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Varies (0% in most states to 20% in Washington)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h2><b>International Context: How Do France and the US Compare to Other Countries?<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>European vs American Tax Models<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European nations generally collect <\/span><b>40-50% of GDP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in tax revenue, funding universal healthcare, generous unemployment benefits, subsidized higher education, and extensive public transportation. France gathered 46.1% of GDP through taxation, slightly above the European average but well below Denmark&#8217;s 46.9%.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United States collected only <\/span><b>27.7% of GDP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in total tax revenue, the lowest among OECD countries after Mexico and Chile. This reflects conscious policy choices\u2014Americans accept higher out-of-pocket costs for healthcare, education, and retirement in exchange for lower direct taxation.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>The Highest and Lowest Taxed Countries in 2025<\/b><\/h3><p><b>Denmark consistently ranks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as the world&#8217;s highest-taxed developed country, collecting approximately 46% of GDP. Top personal income tax rates reach 55.9%. At the opposite extreme, <\/span><b>Ireland maintains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a 12.5% corporate tax rate that has attracted American tech giants including Apple and Google. Bulgaria and Romania both apply 10% flat income taxes, lowest among EU member states.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Which Countries Offer the Best Balance for Entrepreneurs and Remote Teams?<\/b><\/h3><p><b>Portugal&#8217;s Non-Habitual Resident<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> program exempts foreign-source income for new residents during their first ten years, while Portuguese income faces a 20% flat tax. <\/span><b>Estonia pioneered<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> digital governance\u2014corporations pay 20% tax only on distributed profits. Retained earnings face no taxation, encouraging reinvestment. <\/span><b>Poland introduced<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a 19% flat tax option for certain business income, combined with relatively low social contributions compared to Western Europe.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Specific Issues for Expats and International Entrepreneurs<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>Determining Your Tax Residency<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French tax residency triggers when you spend <\/span><b>more than 183 days<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in France during a calendar year, or when France hosts your primary home and family, or your professional activity centers there. US citizens carry tax obligations globally through <\/span><b>citizenship-based taxation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A green card holder faces identical treatment\u2014even living permanently in France requires annual IRS filings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding these residency rules proves particularly important for foreign nationals working in either country, as<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/services\/french-taxes\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French taxes for foreigners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> follow different application criteria than<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/services\/us-tax\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US tax for foreigners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with the former based on physical presence and the latter extending to citizenship status.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>How to Avoid Double Taxation<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>US-France tax treaty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> prevents double taxation through tax credit mechanisms. Americans living in France pay French income tax first, then receive dollar-for-dollar credits against US obligations. The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion allows excluding up to $126,500 (2025) of earned income from US taxation. Treaty benefits extend beyond income tax\u2014the agreement allocates taxation rights for pensions, social security, and capital gains.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Filing Deadlines and Obligations in France<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French residents must file annual <\/span><b>income tax returns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by late May for paper submissions or early June for electronic filing. First-time residents receive additional time to establish their online tax account. Additional obligations include declaring foreign bank accounts when total balances exceed certain thresholds, with penalties reaching \u20ac25,000 or more per undeclared account.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>How France&#8217;s Pay-As-You-Go System Affects Expats<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since January 2019, France withholds <\/span><b>income tax monthly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from salaries and pensions. Employers calculate withholding rates based on information from tax authorities. <\/span><b>Foreign income<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> requires quarterly advance payments (acomptes) since foreign employers cannot withhold French tax. Investment income, rental income from foreign properties, and business profits all trigger advance payment obligations.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Deductions and Tax Relief Options for Expats<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">French tax law permits deducting <\/span><b>alimony payments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, certain investment losses, and contributions to supplementary retirement plans. Charitable donations generate tax credits worth 66% of contributions up to 20% of taxable income. Childcare expenses, home renovation for energy efficiency, and employing domestic help all create tax benefits.<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Eligible deductions for expats:<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2713 French retirement plan contributions<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2713 Charitable donations to French organizations<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2713 Childcare expenses for children under age 6<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2713 Professional expenses if not reimbursed by employer<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2717 US mortgage interest<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2717 Donations to US charities<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2717 US state taxes paid<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding tax differences between France and the United States requires examining multiple dimensions beyond simple income tax rates. For expatriates and international entrepreneurs, professional guidance from specialists like Expand CPA ensures compliance with both systems while optimizing your global tax position.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceacace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ceacace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>FAQ<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2090f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a2090f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I need to file a French tax return if all my income is from the US? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2320 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daf2320\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3867100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3867100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, French tax residents must declare worldwide income regardless of source. You report US salary, investment income, and any other earnings on your French return. The US-France tax treaty typically prevents double taxation through foreign tax credits, but filing obligations exist independently in both countries.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How does France tax retirement income from the US? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37fa149 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37fa149\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a33edc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a33edc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty allocates US Social Security taxation rights to the United States exclusively, but France can include these payments in determining your tax rate on other income. Private retirement account distributions (401k, IRA) face French income tax as pension income, taxed progressively according to your total household income.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can I deduct my US mortgage interest on my French tax return? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477b6d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"477b6d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4419b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4419b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No, France only permits deducting mortgage interest on French property in limited circumstances. French tax law doesn&#8217;t recognize deductions for foreign property expenses. The reverse applies\u2014Americans cannot deduct French mortgage interest on US tax returns unless the property generates rental income.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1693\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1693\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What happens if I miss the French tax deadline? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1693\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafb751 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dafb751\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd8b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bd8b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Late filing triggers automatic penalties starting at 10% of tax due, increasing to 40% for deliberate non-compliance. Interest charges accrue monthly at approximately 0.2%. First-time late filers may receive penalty waivers by demonstrating reasonable cause.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For Americans relocating to France or French entrepreneurs expanding to the United States, understanding tax differences between these two economic powerhouses is fundamental to financial planning. While both countries maintain sophisticated tax systems, their underlying philosophies diverge significantly\u2014France emphasizes social redistribution through comprehensive welfare programs, while the US prioritizes lower direct taxation with more limited [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taxation"],"lang":"en","translations":{"en":2435},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2435"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2686,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2435\/revisions\/2686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.expand-cpa.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}